Requiem for a Dream essays

Requiem for a Dream essays Darren Aronofsky based his film, Requiem for a Dream, on the novel by Hubert Selby Jr. In the hands of director Aronofsky, it becomes a cinematic masterpiece that will certainly rattle anyones complacency about the nature of dependency. In writer/director Darren Aronofskys film, Requiem for a Dream, the audience is given an unforgettable experience as they watch the lives of four protagonists become undone by their various addictions. Their circumstances become more difficult and desperate, they increasingly turn to something that they hope will fill the void in their lives, whether it be heroin, diet pills, food, television, or merely their spurious dreams. Unfortunately, these temporary remedies quickly become the centers of their lives, until all their energies and efforts are directed to getting the next hit, regardless of the personal cost. Told in a brutal and uncompromising manner, Requiem for a Dream is probably one of the most disturbing films about drug addiction and i ts debilitating effects ever produced, and yet it easily qualifies as one of the best directed films ever. The story tracks the tailspin descent of its main characters through three acts, appropriately named: Summer, Fall, and Winter. At the start of Summer, they are already creatures of habit. Unemployed Harry Goldfarb (Jared Leto) spends his days stealing and scheming for drug money, with the help of his partner in crime Tyrone (Marlon Wayans) and his girlfriend Marion (Jennifer Connelly), who also share in his addiction. In addition, Harrys widowed mother Sara (Ellen Burstyn), spends her days locked up in her apartment, suffering from the dual addictions of food and television. What eventually does them in are their grandiose aspirations, a symptom of there already battered self-esteem. Harry dreams of moving up in life by becoming a dealer, which will not only create an enhanced life, but will also provide Marion the seed cap...

Environmental Determinism Definition

Environmental Determinism Definition Throughout the study of geography, there have been some different approaches to explaining the development of the worlds societies and cultures. One that received much prominence in geographic history but has declined in recent decades of academic study is environmental determinism. Environmental Determinism Environmental determinism is the belief that the environment, most notably its physical factors such as landforms and climate, determines the patterns of human culture and societal development. Environmental determinists believe that ecological, climatic, and geographical factors alone are responsible for human cultures and individual decisions. Also, social conditions have virtually no impact on cultural development. The main argument of environmental determinism states that an areas physical characteristics like climate have a substantial impact on the psychological outlook of its inhabitants. These different outlooks then spread throughout a population and help define the overall behavior and culture of a society. For instance, it was said that areas in the tropics were less developed than higher latitudes because the continuously warm weather there made it easier to survive and thus, people living there did not work as hard to ensure their survival. Another example of environmental determinism would be the theory that island nations have unique cultural traits solely because of their isolation from continental societies. Environmental Determinism and Early Geography Although environmental determinism is a relatively recent approach to formal geographic study, its origins go back to ancient times. Climatic factors, for example, were used by Strabo, Plato, and Aristotle to explain why the Greeks were so much more developed in the early ages than societies in hotter and colder climates. Additionally, Aristotle came up with his climate classification system to explain why people were limited to settlement in certain areas of the globe.​​ Other early scholars also used environmental determinism to explain not only the culture of a society but the reasons behind the physical characteristics of a societys people. Al-Jahiz, a writer from East Africa, for instance, cited environmental factors as the origin of different skin colors. He believed that the darker skin of many Africans and various birds, mammals, and insects was a direct result of the prevalence of black basalt rocks on the Arabian Peninsula. Ibn Khaldun, an Arab sociologist, and scholar was officially known as one of the first environmental determinists. He lived from 1332 to 1406, during which time he wrote a complete world history and explained that the hot climate of Sub-Saharan Africa caused dark human skin.​ Environmental Determinism and Modern Geography Environmental determinism rose to its most prominent stage in modern geography beginning in the late 19th Century when it was revived by the German geographer Friedrich Rtzel and became the central theory in the discipline. Rtzels theory came about following Charles Darwins Origin of Species in 1859 and was heavily influenced by evolutionary biology and the impact a person’s environment has on their cultural evolution. Environmental determinism then became popular in the United States in the early 20th Century when Rtzel’s student, Ellen Churchill Semple, a professor at Clark University in Worchester, Massachusetts, introduced the theory there. Like Rtzel’s initial ideas, Semple’s were also influenced by evolutionary biology. Another one of Rtzel’s students, Ellsworth Huntington, also worked on expanding the theory around the same time as Semple. Huntingtons work though, led to a subset of environmental determinism, called climatic determinism in the early 1900s. His theory stated that the economic development in a country could be predicted based on its distance from the equator. He said temperate climates with short growing seasons stimulate achievement, economic growth, and efficiency. The ease of growing things in the tropics, on the other hand, hindered their advancement. The Decline of Environmental Determinism Despite its success in the early 1900s, environmental determinism’s popularity began to decline in the 1920s as its claims were often found to be wrong. Also, critics claimed it was racist and perpetuated imperialism. Carl Sauer, for instance, began his critiques in 1924 and said that environmental determinism led to premature generalizations about an area’s culture and did not allow for results based on direct observation or other research. As a result of his and others criticisms, geographers developed the theory of environmental possibilism to explain cultural development. Environmental possibilism was set forth by the French geographer Paul Vidal de la Blanche and stated that the environment sets limitations for cultural development, but it does not wholly define culture. Culture is instead defined by the opportunities and decisions that humans make in response to dealing with such limitations. By the 1950s, environmental determinism was almost entirely replaced in geography by environmental possibilism, effectively ending its prominence as the central theory in the discipline. Regardless of its decline, however, environmental determinism was an important component of geographic history as it initially represented an attempt by early geographers to explain the patterns they saw developing across the globe.

Negative Effects of Low Family Income on Children Research Paper

Negative Effects of Low Family Income on Children - Research Paper Example According to Rachel et al 92010) â€Å"The economy demanded higher skills, yet urban schools were failing to educate children of poor people† (Rachel et al p.4). Urban schools are operating for the children of rich people. It is almost impossible for children from poor families to get quality education from urban schools. It should be noted that manpower shortage is one of the major problems in countries like America, Britain, Germany etc. However, government instead of encouraging public schools, trying to reduce the funds for public schools and therefore poor children suffer a lot. Low income parents often work hard to earn more and to provide their children better living conditions. However, overtime work of parents often affects the children in other ways. Rachel et al rightly pointed out that â€Å"More works means less time with children† (Rachel et al, p.8). In other words, parents may not get enough time to spend with their children in low income families becaus e of their overtime works. Children during their developmental stage, require the love and care of their parents more than anything else.

Travelling and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Travelling and Culture - Essay Example Critically, travelling is an avenue to an open mindset. It is a way of understanding the very essence of live and coming to terms with what the world has to offer in the form of diversity. That travelling is bridge to cultural adaptability and orientation can never be disputed. Indeed, much knowledge in the world is gained through exposure to different experiences and perceptions. This very exposure and experience is a function of travelling which connotes the movement from one situation to another. Spent a stint of your lifetime in Africa, another timeframe in the States and some stay in the Orient countries and you are certainly a well-rounded individual who understands the world in greater depth than the conventional observer. Many educational institutions across the world focus on cultural exchanges between students in different cultural backgrounds with the motive of inundating the students with all that relates to the different cultural backgrounds. This greatly contributes in shaping the mindsets of such students so that they realize and incorporate different aspects into their lifestyles (Arnold 98-9). In many countries across the world, global travelling comes under great onslaught from its critics on the account that it ruins people. In Africa, most students who travel abroad for further studies go back with totally different lifestyles that are often unwelcome in their countries. It then begs the analysis of the whole concept of travelling and its relation to an individual’s cultural opinion. In the analysis, it appears the whole matter boils down to an individual and how they approach different situations. In many instances it can be seen that people who get exposed to different cultures by virtue of travelling approach the whole situation on a different perfective (Bastian 85). While some people get totally indoctrinated with new ways of live and shun their former cultures, others simply appreciate and understand the differences. That create s the whole jam. However, it is imperative to realize that the general make up of an individual is the greatest determinant in the whole cultural equation. Interestingly, culture cannot infuse by itself from one country to another. It must be conveyed through the actions of man like travelling and entertainment. Therefore the argument on whether travelling helps to communicate between cultures gets much backing considering that as people approach new cultural environments, they also spill part of their cultural adaptations in such environments thereby creating the whole link. However, some people may argue against travelling on the account that it is not the only avenue for cultural communication (Lincoln 55). For instance, in most large cities across the world, it is not uncommon to locate a French restaurant that offers purely French cuisines or a Chinese restaurant that brings Beijing to such local environments. The argument then goes that it demands more or less than travelling to communicate different cultures. Travelling contributes to the growth of knowledge and prevents narrow-mindedness. It creates the chance to annihilate the many different stereotypes that people hold against each other especially from different cultural environments. Even inter-cultural marriages are negotiated in such forums, making unity amidst diversity. Indeed travelling makes this

Poverty Case Essay Example for Free

Poverty Case Essay Question: Choose an issue of importance to you—the issue could be personal, school related, local, political, or international in scope—and write an essay in which you explain the significance of that issue to yourself, your family, your community, or your generation. My parents had a life where there were no three meals a day, no electricity and so many other things. They used to tell â€Å"you never know how bad poverty is until you experience it†. Poverty is the leading cause of death in every developing county. We all know about poverty but we do nothing to stop it. According to UNICF more than 22000 kids die every day because of poverty. The food that we waste everyday will be enough to remove world poverty. My parents and grandparents came from world of utter poverty. When I talk about poverty I know how bad it is and I want the new generation to everything they can to remove poverty. Have anyone gone hungry for a day or two? We all eat at least three meals a day but there are people in the world who don’t even have a single piece of bread to eat. Mahatma Gandhi once said â€Å"there are people in the world, so hungry that god cannot appear to them except in the form of bread.† We all are living in a country where we have everything but there are people in the world who have to drink dirty water to slake their thirst. In Africa more than 5000 kids die each day because of drinking dirty water. We all know about this but we do nothing to stop world poverty. Remember that today’s kids are tomorrow’s future. If we put the all the billionaires in the world together they may be able to remove world poverty from this world. According to human nature if we want to do something we have the ability to do it but no one is there to take the lead. As a 17 year old teenager I care about my fellow citizens and the coming generation. I don’t want them to see a world of poverty and death. I want them to see a world of evergreen sunshine. Poverty is not something that we can remove in two or three days. It takes time to remove world poverty. As a member of the new generation let’s all make sure that we show our kids that we are living in a country with no poverty.

The Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit (MOCAD) :: Art Gallery Review

The Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit (MOCAD) had three different artists work on display. It was split up into three different rooms the first room was Design 99 To Much of a Good Thing and in the next room is Latoya Ruby Frazier Mother May I and in the last room was Jef Geys Woodward Avenue. The art that was on display was not traditional art work. All of the artist’s work displayed in the Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit was out of the box thinking. The flow in each exhibit made it easy to move from one piece of art work to another piece of work. There are many different styles in the Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit (MOCAD) like industrial design, expressionism and art that has repetition. In the Design 99 Too Much of a Good Thing exhibit was not traditional art but found objects that were then change or to make something new out of different items. In this exhibit there are some pieces of art was walk-trough art. The artists idea was to take found materials and utilitarian objects to propose creative solutions to complex problems. The art named The Neighborhood Machine 2010 1996 773 Bobcat is an example of industrial design. The bobcat is a moving sculpture and parts are functional. The other exhibit is Latoya Ruby Frazier Mother May I which is photos and video of the artists grandmother, mother and herself. The photos show real and raw emotions of the artists homes and family life. When looking at the photos you could feel the emotion captured in the photo. When looking at the pieces of art work there was a rhythm that moved you from one piece of work to another piece of work. These photographs were not posed so there is a raw emotion of the relationship between grandmother, mother and herself. The last exhibit in the MOCAD is the Woodward Avenue by artist Jef Geys. The style of this art would have to fall under realism. The art captures the Detroit plants along Woodward Avenue at every intersection beginning at Cadillac and ending at Sagn inaw Street. In this exhibit you see dried specimens with the corresponding scientific description, photographs, specific maps and there are drawings that document the research. This collected images of plants continue the artist’s fascination with documentation, community engagement and art as a way to address larger social issues. This exhibit was interning to me to see all the different plant and to know that plants in the city unknown to most there are often edible, medicinal or even poisonous plants.

Project Report on Bisleri Pvt. Ltd. Essay

Mineral Water under the name ‘Bisleri’ was first introduced in Mumbai in glass bottles in two varieties – bubbly & still in 1965 by Bisleri Ltd. , a company of Italian origin. This company was started by Signor Felice Bisleri who first brought the idea of selling bottled water in India. Parle bought over Bisleri (India) Ltd. In 1969 & started bottling Mineral water in glass bottles under the brand name ‘Bisleri’. Later Parle switched over to PVC non-returnable bottles & finally advanced to PET containers. Since 1995 Mr. Ramesh J. Chauhan has started expanding Bisleri operations substantially and the turn over has multiplied more than 20 times over a period of 10 years and the average growth rate has been around 40% over this period. Presently we have 8 plants & 11 franchisees all over India. We have our presence covering the entire span of India. In our future ventures we look to put up four more plants in 06-07. We command a 60% market share of the organized market. Overwhelming popularity of ‘Bisleri’ & the fact that we pioneered bottled water in India, has made us synonymous to Mineral water & a household name. When you think of bottled water, you think Bisleri. We at Bisleri value our customers & therefore have developed 8 unique pack sizes to suit the need of every individual. We are present in 250ml cups, 250ml bottles, 500ml, 1L, 1. 5L, 2L which are the non-returnable packs & 5L, 20L which are the returnable packs. Till date the Indian consumer has been offered Bisleri water, however in our effort to bring to you something refreshingly new, we have introduced Bisleri Natural Mountain Water – water brought to you from the foothills of the mountains situated in Himachal Pradesh. Hence our product range now comprises of two variants : Bisleri with added minerals & Bisleri Mountain Water. It is our commitment to offer every Indian pure & clean drinking water. Bisleri Water is put through multiple stages of purification, ozonised & finally packed for consumption. . Rigorous R&D & stringent quality controls has made us a market leader in the bottled water segment. Strict hygiene conditions are maintained in all plants. In our endeavour to maintain strict quality controls each unit purchases performs & caps only from approved vendors. We produce our own bottles in-house. We have recently procured the latest world class state of the art machineries that puts us at par with International standards. This has not only helped us improve packaging quality but has also reduced raw material wastage & doubled production capacity. You can be rest assured that you are drinking safe & pure water when you consume Bisleri. Bisleri is free of impurities & 100% safe. Enjoy the Sweet taste of Purity ! ORIGIN The name that epitomizes mineral water today was first introduced in Mumbai in the early 60’s. In 1965 Signor Felice Bisleri an Italian by origin, came up with the idea of selling bottled water in India. His company Bisleri Ltd. offered mineral water in two variants – bubbly and still. In 1969 Parle bought over Bisleri (India) Ltd. and started bottling Mineral water in glass bottles under the brand name ‘Bisleri’. In due course Parle switched over to PVC non-returnable bottles and finally advanced to PET containers. Expansion Under the leadership and vision of Mr. Ramesh J. Chauhan, Bisleri has undergone significant expansion in their operations.

Advanced Research Writing Essay

The topic of online education, specifically relating to teaching writing in a distant learning environment was covered by Professor Kate Kiefer. Kiefer is a Professor and Writing Integration Coordinator at Colorado State University. She has a PH.D in rhetoric from Carnegie Mellon University and has written numerous published articles, including three textbooks. In the book â€Å"Brave New Classrooms†, Professor Kiefer writes a chapter titled, â€Å"Do Students Lose More Than They Gain In Online Classrooms?† Professor Kiefer tackles the difficult questions of just how much are students getting out of online writing classes. What is the goal of an online student? Kiefer clearly has an issue with distance education and voices her opinion of its inferiority to a classroom environment. Her numerous assertions of distance learning students not getting the complete education experience must be taken for what it is, an instructor’s point of view and not a student’ s. Online education is becoming more prevalent every day, because not everyone has the time or funding to get to and from a college campus. This method should be embraced by instructors and not talked down on, simply because there is no other option for so many. Professor Kiefer wholeheartedly states in her article, that she believes taking an online writing class is inferior to a traditional structured classroom environment. She states that she is not in the majority on this issue, but she speaks of the many difficulties that face a student and teacher online. One of Professor Kiefer’s most adamant points against online writing classes is the true lack of interaction a student can have. She talks of how so many online classrooms have students who do not participate and do only what is needed to pass the class. Kiefer suggests that on-line classes are often full of students who are looking to check a box and get that next check mark, which will take them to finish line and a degree. She also states how not having peer to peer interaction robs the online student of so much valuable education. In a writing class it is pivotal she states to have your fellow  students peer review your work and not just have the teacher looking at your assignment. She covers the issue of how universities are trying to add more and more students online, because when it all boils down to it, money is what they are after. Professor Kiefer goes over a few ideas of how to make an online writing class better, such as requiring participation in discussions, but eventually she feels that online instruction in writing classes, leave the student short of what a teacher would like them to learn in a class. Professor Kiefer is very adamant on the loss of personal interaction in online writing classes and how it diminishes the importance of personal interaction, which to some extent is very true. In a recent article published by the â€Å"Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks†, documenting over 125 traditional face to face classes, it found â€Å"very strong support for the existence of a community of inquiry that is shared within each class section†. (Fernandes, Oct 2013) While It may be almost impossible to capture the same type of peer to peer interaction in a distance learning course compared to a traditional classroom, the study does not take into account that many online students have a network of support they are able to bounce ideas off of. While the journal study names student networking as a weakness to online classrooms, it does not really mention the fact that many physical classroom environments have students that do not want to participate. Professor Kiefer also addresses the high dropout rate of online students. This makes me wonder if the dropout rate is due to non-flexibility within the school offering the classes of if it is students just not taking it seriously. A recent study published in â€Å"Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks† by the Dean of Online Education at Dallas Baptist University noted that â€Å"their university offers thirty-four online degree programs and Dallas Baptist University has maintained a 92% cou rse completion rate† (Shelton, Oct 2009). I would have liked to have seen professor Kiefer give the standard dropout rate of traditional classroom students at a university. It is very possible that online education is still in such an evolving state, that there are many different factors leading to a high dropout rate. Many schools have not properly trained their faculty in correctly dealing with online education, while some of it is definitely the daily lives of online students that get it in the way. Professor Kiefer makes many valid points on her topics, however the reasons  she gives regarding why students take online courses, are the exact reasons they must continue. People with jobs and forty hour work week can’t take time out to drive to the university every day. Online classes have been going for a number of years now, but it is still in its infancy compared to classroom instruction. There are still so many ideas created each day that can make this learning environment better. Professor Kiefer makes a good argument regarding the negative impacts of online writing classes, but the reason we have online classes to start with are why they can’t stop. The goals of online students are the same as other students, they want to better their lives and further educate themselves. That lifeline cannot be taken away, because there are doubts about its effectiveness. It is up to everyone to keep making strides and improving the experience of online education. Bibliography Fernandes, B. R. (Oct 2013). Measuring the Community in Online Classes. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 17(3), pp 115-136. Kiefer, K. (2007). Do Students Lose More than They Gain in Online Writing Classes? In Brave New Classrooms. (Vol. 37, pp. 141-151). New York, NY: Peter Lang USA. Shelton, K. (Oct 2009). Does Strong Faculty Support Equal Consistent Course Completion?: It Has for Dallas Baptist University. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 13(3), pp 63-66.

The Administrative Assistant Every Boss Wants

The Administrative Assistant Every Boss Wants CareerStep offers some must-see strategies for becoming the admin assistant that your boss dreams about having. Just follow these simple rules for success and consider it done!Great administrative assistants know that the key to success on the job lies in putting together a solid work plan- one that shows that every detail, appointment, meeting, and task has been carefully considered, organized, and managed. It should also be flexible enough to deal with all those unexpected changes that can, and will, arise when least expected. Consider this your blueprint for success!You’ll also need a core set of soft skills that will empower you to capably crush any â€Å"to do† list and turn any anxiety-filled â€Å"What do I do?† to a confident â€Å"What’s next?†. Any great admin worth his or her desk pencils understands the need to be a patient, positive, and goal-focused force of nature no matter how upset, frustrated, or irrational the boss is behaving. A solid plan, open communication, and a good attitude will help you prevail in most situations. Besides, what boss wouldn’t swoon in the face of a calm, cool, and collected assistant who helps to safely pilot their plane during heavy turbulence?Here’s the best part: These essential survival skills for becoming the perfect admin assistant won’t just bring you success and accolades at work. They’ll help you nail every aspect of your life- from getting all of your important errands done to setting and achieving goals for the future and everything in between. It’s true- thinking and behaving like an administrative assistant will help you improve your entire life!Office Survival Skills for Administrative AssistantsRead More at www.careerstep.com

Biography of Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe

Biography of Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe has been the president of Zimbabwe since 1987. He attained his job after leading bloody guerrilla warfare against the white colonial rulers of what was then Rhodesia. Birthdate Feb. 21, 1924, near Kutama, northeast of Salisbury (now Harare, the capital of Zimbabwe), in what was then Rhodesia. Mugabe quipped in 2005 that he would remain president until he was a century old. Personal life Mugabe was married to Ghanian national Sally Hayfron, a teacher and political activist, in 1961. They had one son, Nhamodzenyika, who died during childhood. She died of kidney failure in 1992. In 1996, Mugabe married his onetime secretary, Grace Marufu, who is more than four decades younger than Mugabe, and with whom he had two children while his wife Sallys health was failing. Mugabe and Grace have three children: Bona, Robert Peter Jr., and Bellarmine Chatunga. Political affiliation Mugabe leads the Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front, a socialist party founded in 1987. Mugabe and his party are also heavily nationalist with left-wing ideology, favoring land seizures from white Zimbabweans while claiming that doing so counters the nations imperialist past. Career Mugabe holds seven degrees from South Africas Fort Hare University. In 1963 he was secretary general of the Maoist Zimbabwe African National Union. In 1964, he was sentenced to 10 years in prison for subversive speech against the Rhodesian government. Once released, he fled to Mozambique to launch a guerrilla war for independence. He returned to Rhodesia 1979 and became prime minister in 1980; the next month, the newly independent country was renamed Zimbabwe. Mugabe assumed the presidency in 1987, with the prime minister role being abolished. Under his rule, annual inflation has soared to 100,000%. Future Mugabe has faced probably the strongest, most organized opposition in the Movement for Democratic Change. He accuses the MDC of being Western-backed, using this as an excuse to persecute MDC members and order the arbitrary arrest of and violence against supporters. Instead of striking terror into the citizenry, this could further galvanize opposition against his iron-fisted rule. Action from neighboring South Africa, deluged by Zimbabwean refugees, or world bodies could also pressure Mugabe, who relies on the war veterans militia to help him keep his grip on power. Quote Our party must continue to strike fear in the heart of the white man, our real enemy! - Mugabe in the Irish Times, Dec. 15, 2000

Animal Research in Medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Animal Research in Medicine - Essay Example Technology has helped in the identification and destruction of particular disease causing microorganisms. Due to the intensive research of medicine and treatment methods for certain degenerative or hard disease, scientists have found it secure to use animals for experimentation of new discoveries without direct test on man. However, the use of animals in conducting medical research and experimentation of particular medicines has attracted great controversies from among various stakeholders of the society. Translational research refers to the modeling of human disease by conducting an elaborate animal research. Animal research in its own settings involves the application of technology in the field of medicine to formulate various treatment mechanisms for .hard diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, cancer, stroke, heart attack and HIV/AIDS (Buzzle.com). Animal research has helped in the identification of reactivity of certain medicines on human bodies upon diagnosis on a particular disease. Mice have been used in the testing of appropriate medicine for treating cancerous cells that invade the body of human beings. The National Cancer Institute infected twelve mice with cancerous cells upon which anti-cancer drugs were used to diagnose the abnormalities. Animal research is a very commendable way of eliminating unintended effects or even death in a process believed to be potentially harmful to humans even as scientists seek treatment for various diseases. Animal research and the tests carried in the process offers learning ground for students and biologists to have clear understanding of immune deficiency viruses. In addition, Animal research has helped the scientists and medical professionals to come up with nutritious food for cats. Furthermore, animal research has helped scientists to figure out the reasons behind healthier and long life survival. Dixon further indicates that animal research has helped scientists to introduce peacemakers used in replacing dysfunctional heart. According to Dixon, scientists and medical researchers through the knowledge gathered from animal research have been able to come up with the idea of anesthesia that paralyses individuals thereby reducing pain during surgery. Animal research has helped in the reduction of human suffering as well as reduction of animal suffering through injection with anesthetic medicines (Dixon). Animal research also helps scientists and medical practitioners test toxicity of certain drug by feeding the animals. Like in the US, every drug has to be tested in animals first before official release into to market. Chemicals such as the insecticides and pesticides need to be tested on animals before official sale to the market in order to avoid .side open side effects on human life. Opponents of the use of animal for scientific argue that the act should be prohibited in our societies since the act could be an avenue to breach the rights of animals. The use of animals in re searching prognosis and pathological of disease induces great suffering to the animals. According to Algoe, captivation of animals for use in the research leads to discomfort of the family members. Locking of captivated animal in an enclosed surrounding denies the animal the fundamental freedom of movement from one place to another. Animal research should be prohibited since it sometimes involves compellation of animals the act toxic and

Stage 3 of the Three Stage Integrative Model Assignment

Stage 3 of the Three Stage Integrative Model - Assignment Example I would also evaluate if the client is ready to move on to the third step by considering what or who might prevent him from achieving his goals. This would be both a personal and professional assessment on the part of the client. He would have to think about the people in his life and who among these people would not help him achieve his goals. He would also have to think about his skills, his mental capacity, and his determination and to evaluate if these factors hinder him from achieving his goals (Egan, 1998). After the client has reviewed all these elements, then it is logical to conclude that he is ready to move on the stage 3 of the counselling process. By reviewing the above elements, I am able to gain a sign as to his mental, emotional, and psychological preparedness to meet the challenges of the next stage of the counselling process. The dynamics involved between the counsellor and the client in order to develop programmes which would assist the clients to achieve change includes the adaption of the SMART strategy. The SMART (Specific, Measurable, Agreed, Realistic and Time-framed) strategy in conceptualizing programmes help to ensure that the programmes would work well for the clients (Egan, 1998). In this dynamic, the goals set are specific enough and their effectiveness and applicability to the programme would be measurable. It must also be agreeable to the client and the counsellor. The programme is after all for the benefit of the client and it must be something he would be comfortable with. The programme must also be something which would work well for the counsellor because he would help implement it to the client. The programme must also be realistic (Egan, 1998). In this case, the activities and goals set must be achievable and attainable in the long-run. The goals and activities must not be too lofty a nd too ambitious for the